The mean coverage of marine key biodiversity areas (KBAs) that are protected has also increased—from 30 per cent in 2000 to 44 per cent in 2018. [2] Oceans cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface and contain 97% of the planet’s water. As billions of people depend on oceans for their livelihood and food source and on the transboundary nature of oceans, increased efforts and interventions are needed to conserve and sustainably use ocean resources at all levels. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.b.1. [33] The resource management challenge relates to inadequate monitoring and enforcement of the conservation and protection measures. [18] This indicator aims to measures the proportion of global fish stocks which are overexploited, fully exploited and not fully exploited. Goal 14 Targets & Indicators; ... E/2016/75 - Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals; Oceans, along with coastal and marine resources, play an essential role in human well-being and social and economic development worldwide. It threatens marine ecosystems, puts food security and regional stability at risk, and is linked to major human rights violations and even organized crime. Source: Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, Report of the Secretary-General, https://undocs.org/en/E/2020/57. These SDGs include ‘no poverty’ (SDG 1), ‘zero hunger’ (SDG 2), ‘decent work and economic growth’ (SDG 8), ‘reduced inequalities’ (SDG 10) and ‘responsible consumption and production’ (SGD 12). [36], Climate impacts on marine ecosystem services related to primary industries that provide food, income and livelihood to people have direct implications for a range of SDGs. 14. Usually LSMPAs involve multiple countries making up disparate adjoined geographic areas. Locations of our Key Initiatives Linked to this Sustainable Development Goal. Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Moreover, marine life is being exposed to conditions outside previously experienced natural variability. Global trends point to continued deterioration of coastal waters due to pollution and eutrophication. Pollution of both land and seas is a threat in many coastal regions. The Potential Impact of Labor Choices on the Efficacy of Marine Conservation Strategies. [30] Its mission is to also to recognize the small-scale fisheries sector dependents should be empowered to participate in decision-making with dignity and respect through integrated management of the social, economic and ecological systems. Also, strict agreements between countries are required since marine ecosystems cross national boundaries. [4] Because of the absorbed carbons, seawater becomes more acidic and its pH levels drops significantly. These goals … No data is available for this indicator yet. However, if not sustainably managed, fishing can damage fish habitats. The basis for this is that over 93 percent of the global fisheries stocks are already fully exploited. As of December 2018, over 24 million km2 (17.2 per cent) of waters under national jurisdiction (0–200 nautical miles from a national border) were covered by protected areas, a significant increase from 12 per cent in 2015 and more than double the extent covered in 2010. “Without concerted efforts, coastal eutrophication is expected to increase in 20 per cent of large marine ecosystems by 2050.”[10], Characterized by extinctions, invasions, hybridizations and reductions in the abundance of species, marine biodiversity is currently in global decline. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 18. Custodian agencies are in charge of measuring the progress of the indicators:[31], An annual report is prepared by the Secretary-General of the United Nations evaluating the progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. The agenda targets multiple areas for action, such as poverty and sanitation , and plans to build up local economies while addressing people's social needs. A Review of Research Needs, "Goal 14 .:. Advancing the sustainable use and conservation of the oceans continues to require effective strategies and management to combat the adverse effects of overfishing, growing ocean acidification and worsening coastal eutrophication. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform", The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018, Global Marine Governance and Oceans Management for the Achievement of SDG 14, "Addressing Uncertainty in Marine Resource Management; Combining Community Engagement and Tracking Technology to Characterize Human Behavior", Issue Paper: A preliminary assessment of indicators for SDG 14 on “Oceans”, "Goal 14: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform", "Goal 14: Life below Water - SDG Tracker", "Ocean acidification | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration", SDG 14: Life Below Water. This indicators aims to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries. However, there has been a 26 percent increase in acidification since the industrial revolution. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; 17 Sustainable Development Goals; Dallas County Supports the 17 Sustainable Development Goals; Goal 01: No Poverty; Goal 02: Zero Hunger; Goal 03: Good Health and Well-Being; Goal 04: Quality Education; Goal 05: Gender Equality; Goal 06: Clean Water and Sanitation; Goal 07: Affordable and Clean Energy [4], The Preparatory Meeting to the UN Ocean Conference convened in New York, US, in February 2017, to discuss the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14. International law, as reflected in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), stressed the need to include governance instruments to consider “anthropogenic activities taking place outside of the ocean”. Goal 14. Oceans alleviate the impact of climate change and absorb around 23% of the annual emissions of various forms of carbons, the most concerning being carbon dioxide. Monitoring of the impact of the subsidies is necessary to ensure that overfishing is not occurring. Prioritized Targets of SDGs for Bangladesh To ensure Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh by leaving no one behind in most possible short time, a set of 39 indicators has been selected under the instructions of SDG Working Committee of The Prime Minister’s Office. Marine Policy, 93, 223–231. Rivalries between neighboring countries relates to border disputes surrounding assignment of the LSMPAs. If the quantities of floating micro is below <4.75mm, it is labeled as micro and if it's over 4.75cm, it is labeled as macro. [13] “The sustainable management of our oceans relies on the ability to influence and guide human use of the marine environment.”[14]. [37] To achieve "zero hunger", need to regulate the fishing policy and control overfishing. Sustainable Development has devoted for the first time, a Global Goal on Oceans and Seas. Marine Policy, 100, 192–199. For example, the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, the first international binding agreement to combat such fishing, entered into force in June 2016. Sustainable Development Goal 14. A framework for incorporating sense of place into the management of marine systems. The historic agenda lays out 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets for dignity, peace, and prosperity for the planet and humankind, to be completed by the year 2030. Sustainable fisheries means leaving enough fish in the ocean while also respecting habitats and ensuring people who depend on fishing can maintain their livelihoods. Some countries might use LSMPAs as diplomatic leverage to pursue other advantages. The UN has defined 10 targets and 10 indicators for SDG 14 that include preventing and reducing marine pollution and ocean acidification, protecting marine and coastal ecosystems, and regulating fishing. Sustainable Development Goal 14 commits countries to unite over what is a truly global responsibility – the protection of our oceans and the lives that depend on it. Biodiverse marine sites require safeguarding to ensure sustainable long-term use of their precious natural resources. ... Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources. Our rainwater, drinking water, weather, climate, coastlines, much of our food, and even the oxygen in the air we breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated by the sea. "[28], Fisheries and aquaculture can contribute to alleviating poverty, hunger, malnutrition and economic growth. Addressing Criticisms of Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.a.1. However, this comes at a steep ecological price, as dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater lowers the pH level of oceans, thereby increasing acidity and changing the biogeochemical carbonate balance. SDG 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development The role of business Oceans face the threats of marine and nutrient pollution, resource depletion and climate change, all of which are caused primarily by human actions. The global indicator framework for Sustainable Development Goals was developed by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDGs) and agreed upon at the 48 th session of the United Nations Statistical Commission held in March 2017.. The final Floating Plastics Debris Density indicators will be ready by 2020. Additional information related to this publication is provided below. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. The contribution of sustainable fisheries to the global GDP was around 0.1% per year. Marine Policy, 109, 103699. Staples, D., & Hermes, R. (2012). How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Sustainable Development Goals The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a new, universal set of goals, targets and indicators that UN member states will be expected to use to frame their agendas and political policies over the next 15 years. The agenda targets multiple areas for action, such as poverty and sanitation , and plans to build up local economies while addressing people's social needs. [41], There are some tradeoff or controversy between the SDG14 and social justice. [32] Concerns regarding ocean health in destructive fishing practices and marine pollution were discussed, in looking at the role of local communities of small island developing States (SIDS) and least developed countries (LDCs) to not forget that oceans are a large part of their economies.[32]. Goal 14: Life Below Water The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. In many coastal communities, pollution and eutrophication, which is the presence of excessive nutrients in water, frequently owing to runoff from the land, causing dense plant growth and the death of animal life, are driving detrimental changes. Long-term observations of ocean acidification over the past 30 years have shown an average increase of acidity of 26 per cent since pre-industrial times, and at this rate, an increase of 100 to 150 per cent is predicted by the end of the century, with serious consequences for marine life. [8] Microplastics are another form of marine pollution. Target 11.4 aims to strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage. (2018). To promote small-scale fishers’ access to productive resources, services and markets, most countries have developed targeted regulatory and institutional frameworks. Purca Cuicapusa, B. Rinkevich, T. Suga, A. Tagliabue, and P. Williamson, 2019: Singh, G. G., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Swartz, W., Cheung, W., Guy, J. Karim, L. Levin, S. O’Donoghue, S.R. Kairo, J. Arístegui, V.A. Quantifying the benefits of spatial fisheries management – An ecological-economic optimization approach. Marine biodiversity and resource management – what is the link? Capacity-enhancing subsidies can only solve immediate poverty conditions for the moment. The increase in levels of greenhouse gases leading to changes in climate negatively affects the world's oceans and marine coastal communities. Hughes, Z. D., Fenichel, E. P., & Gerber, L. R. (2011). When effectively managed and well resourced, marine protected areas are important mechanisms for safeguarding ocean life. Ocean acidification is caused by the uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the ocean, which changes the chemical composition of the seawater. Oceans and fisheries support the global population’s economic, social and environmental needs. [23], As areas of protected marine biodiversity expand, there has been an increase in ocean science funding, essential for preserving marine resources. is the "progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries". [1], This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.3.1 is the "Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations".[16]. [17], The full title of Target 14.2 is: "By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans".[1]. Studies at open ocean and coastal sites around the world show that current levels of marine acidity have increased by about 26 per cent on average since the start of the Industrial Revolution. is the "proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology". A new ocean acidification data portal shows an increase in variability in pH and the acidity of the oceans by 10 to 30 per cent in the period 2015–2019. However, there are related concerns surrounding LSMPAs that need attention in order to help ensure that the targets for SDG 14 can be met. [21] According to the FAO, Fisheries sustain millions of jobs and often pass down traditions and knowledge from generation to generation. O’Leary, B. C., Ban, N. C., Fernandez, M., Friedlander, A. M., García-Borboroglu, P., Golbuu, Y., Guidetti, P., Harris, J. M., Hawkins, J. P., Langlois, T., McCauley, D. J., Pikitch, E. K., Richmond, R. H., & Roberts, C. M. (2018). [29], The full title of Target 14.a is: "Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries".[1]. [23], This indicator was met by the Swedish government in 2017. They are particularly crucial for people living in coastal communities, who represented 37 per cent of the global population in 2010. Current efforts to protect key marine environments and small-scale fishers and invest in ocean science are not yet meeting the urgent need to protect this vast, fragile resource. (2018). Sustainable Development Goal (S DG) 14 is exclusively dedicated to “ conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Goal 14. By 2020, countries commit to achieving the sustainable management of marine ecosystems, and in another five years, significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds. It has been found that 95 percent of fulmars in Norway have plastic parts in their guts. Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Goal 14: Life Below Water. The broad goals are interrelated though each has its own targets to achieve. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development acknowledges the importance of the AU Agenda 2063 and considers it an integral part of it. Ocean acidification is closely linked to shifts in the carbonate chemistry of the waters, which can lead to a significant weakening of the shells and skeletons of many marine species (such as reef-building corals and shelled molluscs). A., Kenny, T.-A., McOwen, C. J., Asch, R., Geffert, J. L., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Sumaila, R., Hanich, Q., & Ota, Y. The targets also call for an increase in scientific knowledge of the oceans. A rapid assessment of co-benefits and trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals. Cai, J.N., Huang, H. & Leung, P.S. [25], The full title of Target 14.6 is: "By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation". [20], The full title of Target 14.4 is: "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics".[1]. Source: Report of the Secretary-General, The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018. [8] 20 percent of all coral reefs have been destroyed irreversibly, and another 24 percent are in immediate risk of collapse. In 2017, protected areas cover 13.2 per cent of the marine environment under national jurisdiction (up to 200 nautical miles from shore), 0.25 per cent of the marine environment beyond national jurisdiction and 5.3 per cent of the total global ocean area. The amount of plastics in large marine ecosystems are measured based on "a model of surface water circulation and the use of proxy inputs". Goal 14 will commit world leaders to "conserve and sustainably use oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development." Although many participating United Nations legislative bodies comes together to discuss the issues around marine environments and SDG 14, such as at the United Nations Ocean Conference, it is important to consider how SDG 14 is implemented across different Multilateral Environmental Agreements, respectively. A framework of international instruments has been developed that addresses different aspects of fisheries management. The global mean percentage of each marine key biodiversity area covered by protected areas increased from 31.2 per cent in 2000 to 44.7 per cent in 2015 and to 45.7 per cent in 2018. Much of the coverage is concentrated in Oceania and Latin America and the Caribbean. To achieve sustainable development of fisheries, fish stocks must be maintained at a biologically sustainable level. Source: Report of the Secretary-General, Special edition: progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean also increases. The full title of Target 14.b is: "Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets".[1]. BioScience, 68(5), 359–370. The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) came into effect in January 2016, and they will continue to guide UNDP policy and funding until 2030. 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